What is Tetanus?
Tetanus is a bacterial infection, where the toxins produced by the bacteria attack the horse’s nervous system. The condition is also known as ‘lockjaw’, because as the disease progresses, the mouth clamps shut so the animal cannot eat or drink. Sadly it is usually fatal. Once a horse is recumbent because of the disease, it is reported that almost 80% of these cases will die. Certainly, it is a far easier disease to prevent by vaccination than it is to treat.
At least three different types of deadly toxins are released by the bacterium Clostridium tetani causes tetanus. Spores of this bacterium are widespread and can be found in dust, manure and soil. These spores enter a wound and, given the appropriate conditions, they will germinate into bacteria.
Perhaps surprisingly, a large, cleanish cut is a lower tetanus risk than a small puncture wound. The biggest danger is a deep, festering wound with dead tissue and pus, which is not exposed to fresh air.
Horses and ponies are the most susceptible domestic animals to tetanus. They are readily exposed to the spores while grazing and their predilection for wounds such as lacerations and punctures make them prime candidates for acquiring tetanus.